Cenosphere :
Cenospheres are inert hollow silicate
spheres. Cenospheres primarily used to reduce the weight of
Plastics, Rubbers, Resins, cements etc. used extensively as
filler lubricants in oil drilling operations under high heat
and high stress conditions down the hole. Also used as oil
well cementing, mud putty and similar applications.
Cenospheres were first used in the United states as an
extender for plastic compounds , as they are compatible with
plastisols thermoplastics, Latex, Polyesters, Epoxies,
Phenolic resins, and urethanes. The compatibility of
Cenospheres with speciality cements and adhesives coating
and composites have been well identified. Cenosphere are
widely used in a variety of products, including sports
equipment, insulations, automobile bodies, marine craft
bodies, paints and fire and heat protection devices.
Typically applied in Gypsum board jointing compounds,
veneering plasters, stuccos, sealants, coatings and cast
resins. Providing the advantages of reduces weight ,
increased filler loadings, better flow characteristics, less
shrinkage and warping and reduces water absorption.
Listed below is the multitude of
applications where Cenospheres are now extensively used.
Ceramics :- Refractories,
Castables, Tile, Fire Bricks, Aluminum Cement, Insulating ,
Material, Coatings.
Plastics :-BMC,SMC,
Injection Moulding, Moulding, Extruding PVC Flooring, Film,
Nylon, High density Polyethylene, Low Density Polyethylene,
polypropylene.
Constuction :-
Speciality Cements, Mortars Grouts Stuccos, Roofing
Material, Acoustical Panels, Coatings, Shotcrete, Gunite
Etc.
Recreation :-Marine
Craft Floation Devices, Bowling Balls, Surf Boards, Kayaks,
Golf Equipment, Footwear, Lawn & Garden Décor.
Automotive :- Composites
, Undercoatings, Tires, Engine Parts, Brake Pads, Trim
Mouldings, Body Fillers, Plastics, Sound Proofing Materials.
Energy & Tecnology :-
Oil well Cements, Drilling Muds, Industrial Coatings,
Grinding Materials, Aerospace Coatings and & composites,
Explosives, Propeller Blades.
Characteristics:-
Quantity:-75/ 100 metric Tons per Month
against confirmed irrevocable Letter of Credit /TT.
Packing :- In Jumbo bags, or 25 Kgs bags.
Price : :-Price . will be quoted on request per Metric Ton.
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Fly Ash :Fly ash
is one of the residues generated in the
combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally
captured from the chimneys of power
generation facilities, whereas bottom ash
is, as the name suggests, removed from the
bottom of the furnace. In the past, fly ash
was generally released into the atmosphere
via the smoke stack, but pollution control
equipment mandated in recent decades now
require that it be captured prior to
release. It is generally stored on site at
most US electric power generation
facilities.
Depending upon the source
and makeup of the coal being burned, the
components of the fly ash produced vary
considerably, but all fly ash includes
substantial amounts of silica (silicon
dioxide, SiO2) (both amorphous and
crystalline) and lime (calcium oxide, CaO).
Fly ash is commonly used to supplement
Portland cement in concrete production,
where it can bring both technological and
economic benefits, and is increasingly
finding use in synthesis of geopolymers and
zeolites.
Fly ash is added during the hydration
reaction where cement and water react to
solidify, it causes a chemical reaction over
a long period on glassy phase such as silica
and aluminum with cement hydrate, which make
up about 70 to 80 percent of the fly ash.
Coal components depend on where the coal is
produced and the fly ash properties
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ASTM 618F :
Two classes of fly ash
are defined by ASTM C618: Class F fly
ash and Class C fly ash. The chief
difference between these classes is the
amount of calcium, silica, alumina, and
iron content in the ash. The chemical
properties of the fly ash are largely
influenced by the chemical content of
the coal burned (i.e., anthracite,
bituminous, and lignite).
Not all fly ashes meet
ASTM C618 requirements, although
depending on the application, this may
not be necessary. Ash used as a cement
replacement must meet strict
construction standards, but no standard
environmental standards have been
established in the United States. 75% of
the ash must have a fineness of 45 µm or
less, and have a carbon content,
measured by the loss on ignition (LOI),
of less than 4%. In the U.S., LOI needs
to be under 6%. The particle size
distribution of raw fly ash is very
often fluctuating constantly, due to
changing performance of the coal mills
and the boiler performance. This makes
it necessary that fly ash used in
concrete needs to be processed using
separation equipment like mechanical air
classifiers. Especially important is the
ongoing quality verification. This is
mainly expressed by quality control
seals like the Indian ISI mark or the
DCL mark of the Dubai Municipality.
Class F fly
ash
The burning of harder,
older anthracite and bituminous coal
typically produces Class F fly ash. This
fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, and
contains less than 10% lime (CaO).
Possessing pozzolanic properties, the
glassy silica and alumina of Class F fly
ash requires a cementing agent, such as
Portland cement, quicklime, or hydrated
lime, with the presence of water in
order to react and produce cementitious
compounds. Alternatively, the addition
of a chemical activator such as sodium
silicate (water glass) to a Class F ash
can lead to the formation of a
geopolymer.
Class C fly
ash
Fly ash produced from
the burning of younger lignite or
subbituminous coal, in addition to
having pozzolanic properties, also has
some self-cementing properties. In the
presence of water, Class C fly ash will
harden and gain strength over time.
Class C fly ash generally contains more
than 20% lime (CaO). Unlike Class F,
self-cementing Class C fly ash does not
require an activator. Alkali and sulfate
(SO4) contents are generally higher in
Class C fly ashes.
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BS3892 :
BS3892 is the category of Fly Ash,
although depending on the application
BS3892 are more benefit in Pump ability
of ready mix concrete
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